Burner for army type stoves



3 Shee ts-Sheet 1 IDIIIIOII April 2, 1946. J. BREESE BURNER FOR ARMYTYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 .krmaxifireas'a April 2, 1946. Q JBREvEsE 2,397,529

BURNER FOR ARMY TYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-ShgetZ I T 4249 4'8 5/ 4- 3-67 2g 45 Lfa 6 5/ A ril 2, 1946. J. L. BREESE BURNER FORARMY TYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 4 w 5 w Wfl PM -8w 4 W M 2 2 .5 4 4 4 a- 4 W k Patented Apr. 2, me

2,391,529 BURNER roa ARMY ma s'rovas James L. Brcese, Santa Fe, N. Men,assignor to Oil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex., a limited partnership ofIllinois Application October 28, 1942, Serial No. 463,601

14 Claims. (01. 158-91) My invention relates to an improvement in fluidfuel burners and has for one purpose the provision of a burner forburning a wide variety of hydrocarbons.

Another purpose is the provision of a burner adaptable for relativelylight stove units, such as are employed, for example, in the UnitedStates Army. I t

Another purpose is the provision of improve valve means for liquid fuelburners.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of thespecification.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in theaccompanying drawings wherem:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section;

Fig. 2 is a section on an enlarged scale on the line 22 of 1; i

Fig. 3 is a section on an enlarged scale on the line 3-3 of .fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scaleon. the

line 4 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 isa section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 8-6 of Fig. 3.

Like partsare indicated by like symbols throughout the specification anddrawings.

Referring to the drawings, I generally indicates any suitable stoveorheating chamber having any suitable flue outlet passage 2 and removableaccess member or lid 3. It will be understood that the member I isgenerally circular in cross section.

4 isa base member having a bottom portion 5. Restingin the base memberis an intermediate member or baflie generally indicated as '6 andincluding an offset portion 1 resting upon the upper edge of the member4, and an upwardly extend-- ing flange 8 adapted .to receive and preventlateral movement of the lower edge of the member I. The parts may befreely removable from each other and constitute a readily dismountablestove which may be employed, if desired, to burn solid fuel. Forexample, a grate may be inserted or supported in the member 6 in thecentral opening 9 thereof. l0 indicates an access opening available whenthe device is employed to burn solid fuels, for the removal of ashes andthe like.

I8 is a centrally apertured flame ring closing the opposite end of thecylinder l5. It abuts against and is secured to the flange 20 of the potl8, which in turn may be secured to the edge of the cylinder I5, as byany suitable screws 2|. The space between the pot l9 and the cylinder I5is supplied with air through the opening I1, and the air penetrates theinterior of the pot l9 through a plurality of primary air inletapertures 22, and in the form herein shown through a-row of secondaryair apertures 23.

It will be understood that what is provided is I of the aperture ID inthe stove base member 4.

Any suitable means may be employed for securingthe parts together. Iillustrate for example a bottom flange 21, which engages the exteriorofthe lower edge of the aperture [0, and a top flange 28, which engagesthe interior of the upper edge of the aperture Ill. The side elements V29 of theneck 26 are notched at the bottom, as at 30, to hookover'the-lower edge of the aperture I0. A locking bracket 3|, with anysuitable securing screw or bolt 32, is employed to pre vent anyunintended displacement of the parts.

35 indicates a cup adapted to hold the supply of liquid fuel burned inthe pot. It will be understood that once combustion is inaugurated thefuel in the cup 35 is evaporated by the heat of combustion and receivesits primary air supply from the primary air inlets 22. The result is aformation of a primary mixture of air and vaporized hydrocarbon which,when it receives the secondary air supply through the apertures '23,produces a completely combustible mixture, which flows out through theaperture I8a of the flame ring I8 and through the neck 26, and burnswith a flame which extends into the base 4 and even up into the chamberI.

The fuel is supplied to the cup 35 through a discharge nozzle 36. Thecup is supported by a wire or support 31, having at its upper end a hook38. This hook 38 may enter an aperture 40 of a valve control plunger 39.The fuel may reach the burner from any suitable source of supply througha pipe 4|, which may communicate with a valve fitting generallyindicated as 42. 43

indicates a valve seat fitting, screw threaded as at 44 into the bore ofthe member 42. It is provided with a conical or beveled seat portionproper 45, and a fuel passage 46. 41 indicates a valve plunger slidablein a sleeve 48, which extends outwardly from the fitting 43 and isprovided with oil outlet apertures 49,. 66 is a spring abutment at theend of the member 41, so formed as to ermit free passage of the fuel; isa spring compressed between the abutment 56 and the end of the fittingor member 43. It tends to move the valve plunger 41 to open position.

62 is a fuel gauging valve pin having an inclined surface 62a. Theplunger also has an abutment surface 63, opposed to the valve seat 45 ofthe member 43. When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3, thevalve is entirely closed, and no fuel passes. When the plunger 41 ismoved to the right, referring to the position of the parts in which theyare shown in Fig. 3, the valve seat 45 is cleared, and the pin 62, withits inclined surface 62a, serves to meter the fuel.

The member 42 is provided with a screw threaded extension 54, which isseated in a bore of a block generally indicated as 56, and is held inposition by any suitable locking nut 56. The extension 64 is verticallyslotted, as at 51. Pivoted in the slot 61, as by a pin 58, is the valvecontrol lever 69. Abutting against one side of it is the adjustablescrew 60, mounted in the inner end of the plunger 41. Extending from theopposite side of the lever is the pin H, which extends through a slot 62in the valve control plunger 39.

The valve control plunger is slidable in a hearing sleeve 63, mounted ina vertical bore in the block 55, which intersects the slot 51. It has anenlarged upper external screw threaded head 63a, and a lower screwthreaded portion 64, about which is positioned any suitable locknut 65.The sleeve 63 is also slotted, as at 66, in line with the slot 62, andpermits the pin 6| to pass therethrough and to have a substantial rangeof move ment.

The spring 61 tends normally to raise the plunger 39. Its upwardmovement is limited by the adjustable pin 68, which is adjustable in theplug 69 of the control head 16, rotatable by any suitable handle II. Itwill be understood that the rotation of the head raises or lowers thepin 68, thus normally urging the spring 61 to allow the plunger 39 toraise as high up as the setting of the pin 63 permits. The spring 5| hasthe same effect or tendencythat is to say, it thrusts the screw 60against the lever 69 and that moves the pin 6| as far upwardly at itsright end, referring to the parts in the position in which they areshown in Fig. 3, as the slot 62 and the pin 68 will permit.

It will be understood that when the valve is set the oil flowing alongthe bore 42a of the block 42, and thence down through the nozzle 36,drips into the cup 36. It will be understood that if for any reason thecup 36 receives too much oil and tends to overflow, the increased weightof the cup. plus the oil, is effective to move the plunger 39 downwardlyuntil it has flexed the pin 6| and compressed the spring 6| and movedthe valve to shut ofl position, illustrated in Fig. 3.

While this is important as a safety device, it also serves as amodulating control for the fuel,

burns off and the weight is reduced, the valve again moves towards openposition.

The above control means is supported on the pot I9 as follows: ,AY-shaped fitting-generally indicated as I6 is. welded or otherwisesecured to the upper side ofthe pot l6, as shown in Fig. 1. The Yextends through any suitable cutaway part of the outer shell 16, as at16. The Y has one preferably vertical arm 11, into which fits a roundedbottom portion 18 of the block 66. 'The other arm 19 of the Y isprovided with a removableplug 80 and serves as an access means, for

- example for lighting the burner. The Y may be as for instance if thevalve delivers a little more fuel than can be burned, the increase inthe weight of the fuel in the cup 35 tends to move the.

valve towards closin position. And as the fuel surrounded by anysuitable surrounding shell or cup 8 I.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated apractical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made inthe size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing fromthe spirit of my invention. I therefore wish my drawings and descriptionto be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, ratherthan as a limitation to my precise showing.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

I provide a heater which is adaptable for use with a simple knockdownstove such as shown for example in Fig. 1, and which will burn a widevariety of fuels from crankcase oil to gasoline.

As above described, the burner is a pot type hydroxylating burner inwhich the final combustion mixture is formed by first mixing vaporizedfuel with primary air and then completing the mixture with secondary airand burning the final mixture. The vaporization of the inflowing fueltakes place as a result of combustion already under way. Combustion,however, can readily be initiated by dropping a match or any otherreadily combustible material into the cup 36 after some fuel has beensupplied thereto.

The cup 35 serves not merely as a means for holding the fuel forvaporization, but as a means for controlling the rate of flow of fuel tothe burner, and as a safety device for preventing overflow. The cup 35being suspended on the control plunger 39, the weight of the cup, plusthe fuel in it, would tend to move'the plunger 33 down and close thevalve by flexing the lower end of the lever 69 to the left, referring tothe position 01 the parts in Fig. 3. But one or both of the springs 5|and 67 may be made effective to resist this downward movement entirelywhen the cup 35 is empty, or has less than a predetermined minimum offuel in it. As the level of fuel in the cup rises and as the weighttherefore increases. the compression to which the springs are subjectedprogressively increases and may be set to insure a complete closure ofthe valve before the cup 36 overflows. Thus, if the fire goes out forany reason, the liquid fuel continues to flow until the increasingweight of the cup 36 serves to close the valve.

In addition to this safety feature, the cupis also effective duringcontinuing combustion to move the valve toward closed position inresponse to an increase in the height of the fuel in the cup, Also, aslong as combustion is continuous, the burning of! of part of the fuel inthe cup reducesthe weight of the cup and again permits an increased flowof fuel.

The device may be adjusted at several points. The adjustment of thescrew 66 and the screw 68 is preferably a matter of factory adjustment.But the user can set the pin 66 for the upward movement of the plungerII and the opening of the valve, by rotating the head II by means of 1.In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, aburner pot having a circumferential wall with a plurality of air inletapertures therein, an open end and a closed end, a liquid fuel lineextending from a fuel source to the pot and terminating in fueldelivering relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuel line,control means for controlling the valve and for thereby varying orsetting the rate of fuel flow past the valve to the pot, an open toppedvalve, and additional means for affecting the position of said valve inresponse to variations in i the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel,including a plunger, a valve actuating connection between said plungerand said valve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger inone direction,

and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger and adapted toreceive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, in response tovariations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element, variably tooppose said yielding means. I

3. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, aburner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in saidfuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, andadditional means for aifecting the position of said valve in response tovariations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including aplunger, a valve actuating connection between said plunger and saidvalve, yielding means tending normally, to urge said plunger in onedirection, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger andadapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, inresponse to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in theelement,'variably to oppose said yielding means, the manual controlmeans for the valve including means for varying the limit of movement ofthe plunger in one direction in response to said yielding means.-

4. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, aburner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in saidfuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, andadditional means for affecting theposition of said valve in response tovariations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including aplunger, a valve actuating connection, between said plunger and saidvalve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger in onedirection, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger andadapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered; to the pot and adapted, inresponse to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element,variably to oppose said yielding means, the valve actuating connectionbetween the plunger and the valve including a lever pivoted adjacent thevalve and plunger and having one portion in contact with the valve andanother portion in contact with the pllmger.

5. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, aburner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in saidfuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, andadditional means for affecting the position of said valve in response tovariations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including aplunger, a valve actuating connection between said plunger and saidvalve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger in onedirection, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger andadapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, inresponse to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element,variably to oppose said yielding means, the valve actuating connectionbetweenthe plunger and the valve including a lever pivoted adjacent thevalve and plunger and having one portion in contact with the valve andanother portion in contact with'the plunger, and yielding meanseffective normally to urge the valve as far toward opening position assaid lever will permit.

6. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a burner pot having a wallprovided with a plurality of scattered air inlet aperturescircumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distancesfrom the ends of the pot, a vertically movable liquid fuel vaporizingcup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some ofsaid apertures being located above and some below said cup, a liquidfuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating infuel delivering. relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuelpipe,

' manually operative means for varying the setting of the valve and anactuating connection between the valve and the cup adapted to move thevalve toward closed position in response to a predetermined weight ofliquid fuel in the cup.

7. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a burner pot having a wallprovided with a plurality of scattered air inlet aperturescircumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distancesfrom the ends of the pot, a vertically movable liquid fuel vaporizingcup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some ofsaid apertures being located above and some below said cup, a liquidfuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating infuel delivering relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuelpipe, manually operative means for varying the setting of the valve andan actuating connection between the valve and the cup adapted to movethe valve toward closed position in response to a predetermined weightof liquid fuel in the cup and yielding means tending normally to urgethe valve toward open position, i

8. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, a chamber, a generallyhorizontally axised burner pot havingan open end, in communication withthe interior .of said chamber, said pot having a wall provided with aplurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spacedabout the pot and locatedat various distances from the open end of thepot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup posilocated above and some below saidcup, a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot andterminating in a fuel delivering nozzle aligned with said cup, a valvein said liquid fuel pipe and means for varying the position of saidvalve in response to variations in the volume of liquid fuel in saidcull 9. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, an open ended pothaving a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet aperturescircumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distancesfrom the ends of the pot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned withinthe pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some of the apertures of thenot being located above and some below the cup, a liquid fuel pipeextending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in a fueldelivering nozzle aligned with the cup, valve means in the liquid fuelpipe and means for varying the position of the valve means in responseto variations of the volume of the liquid fuel in the cup.

10. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, a chamber, a generallyhorizontally axised burner pot having an open end, in communication withthe interior of said chamber, said pot having a wall provided with aplurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spacedabout the pot and located at various distances from the open end of thepot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned within the pot and spacedfrom the wall thereof, some of theapertures of the pot being locatedabove and some below said cup. a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuelsource toward the pot and terminating in a fuel delivering nozzlealigned with said cup, a valve in said liquid fuel pipe and means forvarying the position of said valve in response to variations in thevolume of liquid fuel in said cup and additional manually operable meansfor varying the position of said valve.

11. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor,an open ended burner pot having a wall with a plurality of air inletapertures therein spaced circumferentially around the pot and located atvarious distances from the ends of the pot, a fuel vaporizing cupmovably mounted in said pot and located intermediate the ends of the potand above some of said air inlet apertures and below others, a fuel ductadapted to feed fuel to the interior of said cup, and means forvarying-the rate of flow of the fuel along said duct and to said cup inresponse to changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel in the cup;

12. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and 4 asozoao around the potand located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a fuelvaporizing cup movably mounted in said pot and located-intermediate theends of the pot and above some of said air inlet apertures and belowothers, a fuel duct adapted to feed fuel to the interior of said cup,and means for varying the rate of flow of fuel along said duct and tosaid cup in response to changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel inthe cup. v

13. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor,an open ended burner pot having a wall with a plurality of air inletapertures therein spaced circumferentially around the pot and locatedatvarious distances from the ends of the pot, a fuel vaporizing'cupmovably mounted in said pot and located intermediate the ends of the potand above some of said air inlet apertures and below others, a fuel ductadapted to feed fuel to the interiorv of said cup, and means for varyingthe rate of flow of the fuel along said duct and to said cup in responseto changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel in the cup, said ductbeing out of contact with said cup and having a delivery end locatedabove said cup.

14. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor,a burner pot having a circumferential wall with a plurality of air inletapertures at various levels therein, an open end and a closed end, aliquid fuel line extending from I a fuel source to the pot andterminating in fuel delivering relationship to the pot, a valve in saidliquid fuel line, control means for controlling the valve and forthereby varying or setting the rate of fuel flow past the valve to thepot, an open topped movable fuel vaporizing cup in the pot andsurrounded by said circumferential wall and closed end, positioned toreceive liquid fuel from said fuel line, and means movable with said cupfor moving the valve toward closed position in response to an increasein the volume of liquid fuel in the cup, said cup being locatedintermediate the highest and lowest air inlet apertures of saidcircumferential wall, the fuel within said cup being directly exposed tothe radiant heat of combustion taking place within the pot, the exteriorof said cup being also subjected directly to the radiant heat ofcombustion taking place within the pot and being of heat conductingmaterial and adapted to conduct heat to the fuel within the cup.

JAMES L. BREESE.

